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Сочинение По Егэ Английский Письмо Образец img-1

Сочинение По Егэ Английский Письмо Образец

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Описание

Письмо другу на английском языке, готовый шаблон, образец, письмо другу на английском в ЕГЭ, демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Задание заключается в том, чтобы написать письмо в 100-150 слов другу по переписке. Как правило, нужно ответить на несколько заданных другом вопросов и задать три своих. При этом дан отрывок из письма друга.

Суть способа заключается в том, чтобы использовать готовый шаблон. При этом мы убьем сразу двух зайцев: не сделаем лишних ошибок (шаблон придется выучить) и сэкономим кучу времени.

Вот как будет выглядеть наше письмо:


Dear [name],
Thanks for your letter. It was lovely to hear from you.


You asked me about [subject]. Well, [отвечаем на вопросы – у нас

By the way, [Задаем три вопроса в отдельных предложениях


Well, I have to go now. I promised my Mom to clean the bathroom.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Теперь немного подробнее о том, что у нас получилось:
• Первые три строчки шаблона – адрес – его писать обязательно, предпочтительно в таком виде. Что именно вы напишете – никого не волнует, здесь проверяется лишь ваше умение писать непосредственно город, страну и дату.

• Строчку «Dear [name], » менять тоже не стоит – и не забудьте там запятую.


• «Thanks for your letter. It was lovely to hear from you» – начало письма. Возможны другие варианты: «Sorry I haven’t written for so long but…» / «I was really pleased to hear that…» / «I thought I’d better write and tell you about…».


• Далее следует два абзаца непосредственного содержания. Помните, что количество слов ограничено, поэтому пишите очень кратко. Например, вопросы задавайте односложные: «Where is Wembley stadium?» или «Did you hear about AC Milan?» – не нужно мудреных конструкций.


• Строчку «Well, I have to go now. I promised my Mom to clean the bathroom» можете менять как хотите. Суть ее, наверное, понятна – это причина окончания письма. Строчка простая, но необходимая.


• Последние три строчки менять не советуем – это устойчивые выражения, которые очень любимы проверяющими. Пишите и не стесняйтесь.


А теперь – шаблон в действии, на примере Демонстрационного варианта ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2010 года.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

… In Great Britain most young people want to become independent from their parents as soon as possible. Could you tell me what you and your friends think about not relying on your parents? Are you ready to leave your family immediately after you finish school? Is it easy to rent a house or an apartment for students in Russia?
As for the latest news, I have just returned from a trip to Scotland…


Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
? answer his questions
? ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland
Write 100 – 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. It was lovely to hear from you.

You asked me about independence from parents. Well, in Russia opinions are different. Personally, I don’t want to live alone as I don’t have enough money. And yes, it’s easy to rent an apartment for everyone, but only if you have money.

By the way, how was Scotland? I heard it was rainy – is that true? And did you visit football match between Scotland and Russia?

Well, I have to go now. I promised my Mom to clean the bathroom.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

В итоге, получилось около 110 слов. Обратите внимание, сколько слов нам пришлось придумывать – их всего около 60. По времени это около 10 минут – на ЕГЭ по английскому языку вырученное время полезно будет потратить на написание эссе.

Другие статьи

Как писать сочинение (эссе) по английскому языку на ЕГЭ

Экзаменационное эссе на английском языке

Если вы выбрали английский язык в качестве профильного экзамена на ЕГЭ, то вам предстоит написание не только письма, но и эссе. Это довольно сложная задача, справиться с которой под силу только самым подготовленным выпускникам. Для качественного выполнения работы вам потребуется обширный лексический запас, а также углубленные знания грамматики. Важной составляющей здесь станут и ваши творческие способности. Несмотря на всю сложность задания, написать сочинение по английскому языку реально: главное хорошенько подготовиться к ЕГЭ и учесть все аспекты, которые необходимо отразить в работе.

Правила написания сочинения
  1. Эссе по английскому языку пишется в формате «My opinion», что подразумевает выражение своего мнения по заданной тематике.
  2. Правила ЕГЭ требуют формального (делового) стиля сочинения, характерного для официальной документации на английском языке.
  3. В работе вам необходимо не только выразить свою точку зрения, но и привести сторонние мнения, и отразить свою позицию по отношению к противоположным идеям. Вы также должны выразить свое несогласие с доводами автора и подкрепить ваши тезисы соответствующими доказательствами. Помните, что здесь основной задачей станет ваша четко сформулированная позиция.
  4. Необходимо строго соблюдать объем сочинения, минимальное значение которого равно 180 словам. Максимальный объем работы составляет 275 слов.
  5. В своем эссе вы должны часто использовать такие выражения, как «I supoose», «I believe», «In my opinion» и т. д. Подобные фразы всегда учитываются при оценке ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
  6. Также в работе важно писать стандартные выражения, например, «On the one hand», «By the way» и вводные конструкции такие, как «However», «More over», «No doubts» и т. д.
  7. На ЕГЭ для сохранения официального стиля эссе старайтесь избегать английских сокращений, характерных для устной речи (don’t, can’t, I’m, it’s).
  8. Избегайте скобок и восклицательных знаков: обычно их используют в неофициальных документах.
  9. Постарайтесь составлять сложные, логически связанные предложения. Простые конструкции могут снизить оценку.
  10. Сочинение по английскому должно иметь строгий план, несоблюдение которого может привести к занижению общего балла ЕГЭ.
Структура сочинения

Эссе на ЕГЭ по английскому языку должно состоять из четырех смысловых абзацев:

  • Заключение. Данная часть эссе по английскому языку должна иметь логическую связь со вступлением. В заключении вы снова поднимаете основную тему работы и указываете второе противоположное мнение, но делаете это с помощью других фраз и выражений. Если эксперты при проверке не обнаружат целостности и логичности в вашем сочинении, то вам будет снижен балл за ЕГЭ.
Краткий план эссе

Для того чтобы эффективнее распределить свое время при написании сочинения, перед самим ЕГЭ стоит просмотреть готовые варианты эссе по английскому языку и выстроить четкий план.

  1. Заголовок. Здесь указывается название сочинения, которое полностью отражает суть повествования.
  2. Введение. Оно может состоять из 2-4 предложений, в которых обозначается основная суть поднятой темы.
  3. Основная часть. Состоит из двух абзацев, раскрывающих ваше мнение и приводящих доказательства.
  4. Заключение. Состоит из 2-4 предложений, в которых подводится итог.

Английский язык

Английский язык. 10-11 классы. Пишем сочинение-рассуждение на ЕГЭ: практика аргументации. Корчажкина О.М.

Р. на Д. 20 1 5. - 176 с.

При написании сочинения по английскому языку в формате ЕГЭ учащимся необходимо продемонстрировать умение логически строить связный текст, высказывая своё мнение по заданной теме или проблеме. В пособии излагается методика создания развёрнутого письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения "Моё мнение", основанная на построении системы аргументации / контраргументации в подтверждение авторской позиции, что является одной из наиболее сложных задач при подготовке к разделу "Письмо" на ЕГЭ.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ 4
ГЛАВА 1. КАК ПОСТРОИТЬ РАЗВЁРНУТОЕ АРГУМЕНТИРОВАННОЕ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ С ВЫРАЖЕНИЕМ СОБСТВЕННОГО МНЕНИЯ? 6
Что вы должны знать и уметь, чтобы успешно написать сочинение? 6
Что такое аргументированное письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения? 8
Что такое логически организованное высказывание, основанное на рассуждении? 9
Что нужно знать о процедуре аргументации собственного мнения? 9
Как построить систему аргументации? 11
Как подобрать аргументы? 12
Как подобрать доводы? 15
Как сделать микровывод? 16
Примеры анализа системы аргументации 17
Простые правила для убедительной аргументации 19
Как правильно оспорить мнение оппонента? 20
Как выразить частичное согласие с аргументом оппонента и подобрать контрдоводы? 22
Примеры анализа системы контраргументации 24
Микровыводы аргументации и контраргументации: что общего и в чём отличие? 28
Простые правила для убедительной контраргументации 29
Комплекс упражнений 1 30
ГЛАВА 2. КАК УСПЕШНО НАПИСАТЬ РАЗВЁРНУТОЕ АРГУМЕНТИРОВАННОЕ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ В ФОРМАТЕ ЕГЭ? 48
Как работать с текстом экзаменационного задания? 48
Как составить содержательный план сочинения? 51
Пример составления содержательного плана сочинения 56
Как проверить, правильно ли построена содержательная часть сочинения? 63
Как правильно оформить текст сочинения? 68
Как проанализировать, насколько полно сочинение удовлетворяет критериям оценки? 71
Комплекс упражнений 2 78
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ 85
МИНИ-ГЛОССАРИЙ 88
ОТВЕТЫ к заданиям 90
Ответы к комплексу упражнений 1 90
Ответы к комплексу упражнений 2 101
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1: образцы сочинений 148
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2: таблицы для подготовки к написанию сочинения-рассуждения и анализу системы аргументации / контраргументации 155
ЛИТЕРАТУРА для учителя 163


В пособии рассматриваются понятия теории аргументации как науки о приёмах и формах обоснованного суждения, учащемуся даются практические пошаговые рекомендации с примерами выбора логических средств языка при защите собственного мнения. Предлагается комплекс упражнений по развитию навыков построения аргументированного письменного высказывания с подробными вариантами возможных ответов. В пособие включены примеры сочинений, в том числе реальных, написанных учащимися при сдаче ЕГЭ, которые анализируются с позиции предлагаемого подхода, а также рабочие таблицы, необходимые при подготовке к написанию сочинения, и глоссарий базовых терминов по теории аргументации. Включение в книгу раздела с подробными вариантами ответов к заданиям позволяет рекомендовать его прежде всего учащимся старших классов, самостоятельно или под руководством учителя осваивающим премудрости построения развёрнутого письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения на иностранном языке. Кроме того, пособие будет интересно учителям английского языка и методистам и может использоваться ими как эффективное методическое руководство, предлагающее новый подход к обучению написания сочинения "Моё мнение".

Написание сочинения по английскому языку, готовые эссе

Написание сочинения по английскому языку, готовые эссе

Эссе по иностранному языку требует качественного содержания и хорошей организационной структуры, а также грамотного языкового оформления.

Написание сочинения по английскому языку является одним из самых проблемных заданий при сдаче единого государственного экзамена. По сложности конкуренцию ему может составлять только аудирование. Поэтому тренировка в составлении эссе должна быть особенно усиленной и интенсивной.

С 2012 года время, выделенное на весь экзамен по иностранным языкам, увеличено до 180 минут. Так как остальные задания экзамена не были изменены, мы рекомендуем вам потратить дополнительное время именно на письменную часть (80 минут). Более того, уточняется план к заданиям, что может облегчить задачу в написании.

Как и написание письма на английском языке. сочинение входит в часть C. В задании С2 в ЕГЭ по английскому языку нужно написать сочинение с элементами рассуждения по данному высказыванию. Выполнить это задание не будет сложно, если вы будете придерживаться представленных ниже советов от 5-ege.ru.

Используйте формальный стиль письма
:

  • не пользуйтесь сокращениями (don’t . can’t . I’m . it’s ),
  • не используйте скобки или восклицательные знаки — это свойственно неформальному стилю письма;
  • не начинайте предложения со слов and . but или also ; в разговорном языке вы можете их использовать, но избегайте этого в сочинении;
  • не употребляйте вводные слова, характерные для неформального стиля (well . to tell the truth и др.);
  • избегайте слишком простых предложений; объединяйте их в сложные, используя логические средства связи.
Видео – подробно о написании сочинения

Разделите текст на смысловые абзацы в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом.

  1. В первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему. которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами.
  2. Выделите положительные и отрицательные стороны проблемы. подумайте о разумных аргументах, в поддержку обеих точек зрения. Помните, что вы должны выразить не только свою точку зрения, но и противоположную. Также не забудьте объяснить, почему вы не согласны с другой точкой зрения. Старайтесь соблюдать баланс между абзацами.
  3. Используйте слова-связки. чтобы помочь читателю проследить за логикой ваших рассуждений. Помните, что вводные слова выделяются запятыми.
  4. В последнем абзаце сделайте обобщающий вывод по данной проблеме. Вы можете также окончательно сформулировать свое мнение или предложить пути решения данной проблемы.
Структура по частям
  • Заголовок — название эссе, которое отражает тему повествования.
  • Введение — 2-4 коротких предложения, которые раскрывают тему эссе.
  • Основная часть — 2-3 абзаца, которые описывают суть сочинения. Максимально полно и грамотно раскройте тему, приведите доводы и аргументируйте их.
  • Заключение — 2-4 предложения, которые подводят итог. Общий вывод по теме.

В основной части сочинения все абзацы начинаются с вводного предложения (Topic Sentence) – введения. Далее мысль Topic Sentence развивается и подтверждается.

Объем сочинения должен составлять 200-250 слов. При этом артикль – это тоже слово, поэтому не слишком увлекайтесь с развитием идей, постарайтесь удержаться в заданных рамках.

Клише для сочинений
  • I agree/ disagree
  • In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, …
  • I believe that…/ It seems to me that…
  • I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of…
  • According to…
  • Some people say that…
  • It is said/believed that…
  • There is no doubt that…
  • It cannot be denied that…
  • It goes without saying that…
  • We must admit that…
  • The main argument against/in favour is…
  • First of all, I would like to consider…
  • The first thing I would like to consider is…
  • To begin with, …/ To start with, …
  • Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that…
  • On the one hand, … /On the other hand, …
  • Besides,…/ In addition,…
  • What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, …
  • Finally, …
  • However, … / …, though
  • …although…
  • Nevertheless,…
  • for this reason
  • therefore/that is why
  • thus sth happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of
  • To sum up, …
  • To conclude, I would argue that…
  • On this basis, I can conclude that…
  • In conclusion, I would like to stress that…
  • All in all, I believe that…
Готовые эссе (примеры сочинений) Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против

No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?

In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars.

Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.

In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.

Животные в зоопарке. Как вы к этому относитесь. Справедливо ли это

There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?

I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.

However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.

In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.

Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против

There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.

In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Final-ly, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.

To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.

Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы

Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.

It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.

To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.

Иностранные языки. Сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. За и против

Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously? On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster. On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.

In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one. 16. Интернет. За и против We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time. On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job. On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyberterrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.

Клонирование. За и против

Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake. In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them. However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.

To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.

Книги или компьютеры. Кто победит в будущем

The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.

To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.

Компьютерные игры. За и против

People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time. As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting. Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.

To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.

Космос. За и против исследований в космосе

Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world. On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth. On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.

To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.

Обратите внимание: на главной странице есть множество материалов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по русскому языку и другим предметам.

Английский язык: написание письма

Английский язык: написание письма

Одним из заданий по английскому языку как в ЕГЭ, так и в ОГЭ (ГИА) является написание личного письма в ответ на письмо "англоговорящего друга по переписке". При этом если в ЕГЭ объем письма ограничен 100-140 словами, то в ОГЭ установлен лимит в 100-120 слов. Дело в том, что в ЕГЭ дается задание задать 3 вопроса, а в ОГЭ – просто ответить на письмо, хотя, в любом случае, если вы напишете вопросы, то это будет большим плюсом.

Написание письма на иностранном языке является несложным заданием, которое необходимо выполнить максимально быстро, чтобы оставить время на выполнение других заданий. Итак, рассмотрим единые правила написания личного письма.

В правом верхнем углу укажите адрес в следующем порядке:
номер дома, название улицы
город
страна

Допускается указывать адрес в кратком виде, например:
Moscow
Russia

Под адресом, пропустив строку. необходимо написать дату письма:
June 4th, 2015
4 June 2015

или менее формально:
04/06/12

Письмо начинается с неофициального обращения. Если в задании имя вашего собеседника не указано, его следует придумать:
Dear Tim,
Dear Rebecca,

После обращения обязательно ставится запятая!

Разделите текст письма на несколько логических абзацев, каждый из которых начните с красной строки.
1. В первом абзаце вам следует поблагодарить своего друга за его письмо:
Thanks (a lot) for your (last) letter.
Your last letter was a real surprise.
I was glad to get your letter.
It was great to hear from you! / It was great to hear that… / I was happy to hear…

Вы можете также извиниться за то, что не писали раньше:
Sorry I haven’t written for so long but …/ Sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long.
I'm sorry I haven't answered earlier but I was really busy with my school.

и/или упомянуть какой-либо факт из полученного письма:
I’m glad you passed your History test!
Sounds like you had a great time in London!
Great news about your…!

2. Основная часть письма (2–3 абзаца). В ней вы должны раскрыть все аспекты, указанные в задании. Не забудьте задать необходимые вопросы.
Предполагается, что письмо должно быть написано в неформальном стиле, поэтому вы можете использовать неформальные слова-связки, такие как well. by the way. anyway. so. разговорные выражения типа Guess what? Или Wish me luck! а также восклицательные знаки.

3. В последнем параграфе следует объяснить, почему вы заканчиваете письмо:
Well, I’d better go now as I have to do my homework.
Anyway, I have to go now because my Mum asked me to help her with the washing up.
I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show.

и упомянуть о дальнейших контактах:
Write (back) soon!
Take care and keep in touch!
Drop me a letter when you can.
Hope to hear from you soon.
I can’t wait to hear from you!

В конце письма на отдельной строке указывается завершающая фраза-клише, которая зависит от близости автора и адресата. После нее всегда ставится запятая! Ниже приводятся возможные варианты от наименее формального (1) к более формальному (7):
1) Love,
2) Lots of love,
3) All my love,
4) All the best,
5) Best wishes,
6) With best wishes,
7) Yours,

На следующей строке под завершающей фразой указывается имя автора (без фамилии!). Например:
Andy или Kate

Таким образом, письмо к другу имеет следующий вид:


Итак, приведем некоторые удачные примеры выполнения задания C1 по английскому языку. Для удобства мы не будем указывать адрес и дату справа, хотя в скачанных материалах всё оформлено полно и правильно.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary who writes

. It was great to hear that you went to Italy during your spring holidays. I have always wanted to visit this wonderful country. Did you enjoy your journey? What places of interest did you visit? What impressed you most of all? Did you like your hotel?
As for me, I am awfully tired because we’ve got too many tests at school. Can’t wait for the summer break.

Write a letter to Mary.
In your letter
• tell her about your journey to Italy
• ask 3 questions about her plans for the summer

Dear Mary,
Thanks a lot for your letter. I hope you passed all your tests!
First of all, let me tell you about my one-week package holiday to Rome. Everything was OK, but we didn’t like our hotel. It was too noisy and the food was awful. We even had a stomachache and consulted a doctor. However, all the excursions were extremely interesting. We visited the Vatican and were impressed by the famous St. Peter’s Cathedral. I also enjoyed the Colosseum and other sights of Rome. All in all, we enjoyed our holiday.
And what about you? What are your plans for the summer? Will you come to visit us? Russia is a unique country and I’ll show you lots of interesting things. If you make up your mind, let me know what cities you would like to visit.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Lots of love,
Lucy

This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend.

. Do you often have arguments with your parents? I do. My mother thinks that I spend too much time hanging around with my friends. Do you often meet your friends?
What do you usually do together? And what do you do when you disagree with your parents about how you spend your free time?
Write back soon.
Love,
Ann

Write back to Ann.
In your letter
• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her relations with her younger sister

Dear Ann,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad you passed your History test!
I’m sorry you don’t get on well with your parents. As for me, I have practically no problems with mine, although we do quarrel sometimes because I spend too much time playing computer games. In this case I try to talk to them and find the way out. Unfortunately, I can meet my friends only at weekends and we usually play football together. It’s our favourite game.
And how do you get on with your sister? Do you play together? Do you help her with her homework? I wish I had a sister or a brother!
Anyway, keep smiling whatever happens! I’d better go now as I’ve got loads of homework to do (as always).
Write back soon!
Lots of love,
Kate

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend who writes

. We moved to a new house a few weeks ago and I changed school. At first I was a bit afraid but I made new friends sooner than I expected. The teachers are nice and everything seems to be working out well. And what about you? Have you made any friends in your new school? Do you enjoy studying there? Have you got any new subjects this year?
I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my music lesson. Drop me a line when you can.
Lots of love,
Emily

Write a letter to Emily.
In your letter
• answer her questions and tell her about your new school
• ask 3 questions about her preferences in music

Dear Emily,
Thank you for your letter. It was great to hear about your new house!
As for my new school, it’s very big! It has three computer rooms and wonderful sports facilities. Actually, it seems a nice place and I enjoy studying there. The kids in my class are very friendly. I’ve already made some new friends and we often meet after classes. I’ve got only one new subject this year. It’s Economics and I’m beginning to think that it’s not difficult, after all!
By the way, what music styles do you enjoy? Have you got any favourite bands? Would you like to go to their concert? As for me, I prefer Radiohead. They are cool!
I’d better go now. Mum wants me to help with the housework. Take care and stay in touch!
Lots of love,
Ann

This is part of a letter from Harry, your English pen-friend.

. I’m fine but I’ve got a very busy week ahead. I’m a member of the school team and we are preparing for an important match in the National Championship. Are you fond of football? Do you watch football matches on TV? What other sports do you enjoy?
Well, I’d better go now. I’ve got to do some more training — I don’t want to lose this match.
Take care and write back soon.

Write back to Harry.
In your letter
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his preparation for the match

Dear Harry,
Hi! How’s it going? Thanks for your last letter. I’m glad you are in your school football team now!
In your letter you asked me about football. Well, I’m really fond of it. It’s a great game and I’m always happy when my team wins. But I don’t watch football matches on TV because it’s rather boring. I prefer playing to watching as it’s more exciting. I’m also keen on roller-skating. It’s fun to take part in street competitions and to perform different tricks.
Anyway, what about your preparation for the National Championship? Do you work hard? How many times a week do you train? Do you get on well with your team-mates?
Well, I’d better go now as I have to tidy up my room. Write back soon!
All the best,
Ivan

You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen-friend George who writes

. At school we are doing projects on famous singers from different countries. Could you telI me about any famous Russian singer? What is he or she famous for? How long has he/she been singing? Do you enjoy his/her songs? Have you ever been to his/her concerts?
As for my school trip to London last week, it was really wonderful.

Write a letter to George.
In your letter
• tell him about the singer you admire most of all
• ask 3 questions about his trip to London

Dear George,
Thanks a lot for your letter. Sounds like you had a great time in London! What impressed you most of all? Did you take any pictures? Were you tired?
I’m glad I can help you with your project on famous singers. Well, my favourite singer is Dima Bilan. He made his debut at the festival ‘New Wave’ in 2002 so he has already been singing for 10 years. Now Dima is a famous pop singer known for his songs like ‘Never Let You Go’ and ‘Believe’. I enjoy his songs because of his beautiful voice. Un-fortunately, I’ve never been to his concerts but I’d love to.
Anyway, let me know if you have any other questions. I’d better go now as I have to take my dog for a walk. Write soon!
Yours,
Alex

This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend.

. So you see that I enjoy films based on true historic facts whereas most of my friends are fond of soap operas. Do you agree that soaps don’t show life realistically? What kind of films do you like watching? Do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home? Why?
We all miss you, too. Everybody sends their love. Can’t wait to see you in the summer. Write back soon.
All my love,
Tina

Write back to Tina.
In your letter
• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her family

Dear Tina,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad you liked the postcard I sent you!
In your letter you asked me about my attitude to soaps. Well, I agree that soaps don’t show life realistically because their plots are rather unbelievable and all emotions are exaggerated. As for me, I prefer whodunits, which keep me in suspense till the very end. I usually watch films at home but I never miss a chance to go to the cinema with friends. It’s much more exciting to watch films together.
I miss you greatly! Write back soon and tell me all your latest news. How is your sister? Has she passed her driving test? And what about your mother? Has she got over the flu?
I’d better go now as I promised mum to help her with the washing.
Love,
Ann

You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen-friend Rob who writes

. and then there’s this chess tournament on Saturday. If I win, I’ll be the champion of our school. Who knows?
Oh, yeah. I wanted to ask you something. We have to write a report on technology for school. Could you tell me a few things about how you use technology in your life? You know, computers, mobiles, TV, that sort of things. Oh, and tell me something about the other members of your family, too, and how they use technology.
Anyway, I was talking to Sam the other day and he says that.

Write back to Rob.
In your letter
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about playing chess

Dear Rob,
It was great to hear from you! I’m glad you managed to talk to Sam. Please give my best regards to him.
You asked me about technology. Well, I’ve got a new mobile. It’s got a camera so I’m taking lots of pictures at the moment. I’ve also got a computer but I use it mainly for surfing the Net. Of course we’ve got things like a TV, a DVD player and a music centre. My parents usually watch TV whereas my brother spends hours playing computer games.
Anyway, I’m glad you’ve made such progress in chess. Is it difficult to learn how to play it? Will I be able to do it on my own? How can I get started?
I’ve got to go now as I’m helping my Dad in the garage.
All the best,
Andrew

This is part of a letter from Jane, your English pen-friend.

. My home town is rather small but I like it. The people here are very friendly and they try and keep our town clean and beautiful. And do you enjoy living in a big city? How do you spend your spare time there?
Anyway, I’m thinking of travelling around Russia next summer. Could you tell me what weather to expect? Should I take warm clothes with me.

Write a letter to Jane.
In your letter
• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her home town

Dear Jane,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad you’re going to visit Russia. The weather in summer is usually hot so I don’t think you’ll need lots of warm clothes. However, you’d better take a jacket as nights can be quite cool.
In your letter you asked me about the life in a big city. As for me, I enjoy living in Moscow as there are lots of parks and cosy cafes, museums and galleries. In the evenings I usually go for a walk with my friends and at the weekend we go to the theatre or visit a museum. Have you got any museums in your town? Are they free for students? Are there any sports facilities?
I’d better go now as I’ve got to do my homework — boring! Can’t wait to see you!
Lots of love,
Rita

This is part of a letter from your German pen-friend.

. I find it a bit difficult to understand English grammar. What about you? Do you do grammar exercises? Do you think that it’s necessary to remember all grammar rules?
Have you got any plans for the summer? I was thinking of going to a language school in the UK to improve my English. It would be a lot more fun if we went together. What do you think?
Anyway, I have to go now as I’m helping my Dad in the shop.
Hope to hear from you soon.
All the best,
Kerstin

Write back to Kerstin.
In your letter
• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about the trip to the UK

Dear Kerstin,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad your arm is out of plaster now!
I agree with you that English grammar is rather difficult so I think it’s necessary to learn grammar rules and to do exercises. As for me, I do it on a regular basis.
Going to a language school together is a great idea! We could practise our English and visit lots of places of interest. I’m absolutely free this summer so I can go whenever you like.
Write and tell me what dates suit you best. Which course would you like to do? What level do you think we are? Where would you prefer to stay? Meanwhile, I’ll make some enquiries about language schools in the UK. I’ll get in touch soon. I hope it all works out!
Lots of love,
Helen

This is part of a letter from Adam, your English pen-friend, whom you’re going to visit in summer.

. As for me, I’m crazy about skateboarding and I love rock and pop music. I think my favourite band at the moment is Radiohead. Do you know them? What kind of things do you like doing and what music do you enjoy?
Is there anything you particularly want to do while you’re here? / guess you’ll be busy at the language school during the day, but we can do something in the evenings and at weekends. Also, let me know if there are any kinds of food you don’t like.

Write back to Adam.
In your letter
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his family and the language school

Dear Adam,
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you. I can’t wait to meet you and your parents in July!
Well, we’ve obviously got a lot in common. I’m also crazy about rock music and my favourite band is Radiohead, too! I’ve never done skateboarding, though, but I’d love to try. I enjoy basketball and I love playing computer games. Do you?
I’m a bit worried about the language school. Is it far from your house? Should I bring any books with me? Will I have to do much homework? If I have, I’m afraid I’ll be busy in the evenings. Actually, I wouldn’t mind any activity. It will be fun just to be in another country.
Anyway, I know we’re going to be really good friends. Please write back soon.
All the best,
Sasha


Будет очень полезно перед сдачей экзаменов написать шаблон письма, по которому вы будете выполнять задание на экзамене.
В нашей подборке материалов помимо множества полезных шпаргалок вы можете найти 31 готовое письмо. а также шаблон для написания письма в обычном виде и в виде шпаргалки:
Шпаргалки по английскому языку (ЕГЭ)
Шпаргалки по английскому языку (ОГЭ)